This chapter deals with the first published Russian translation of the Critique of Pure Reason as well as the positivist critic and the positivistic assimilation of that work during the 1870s. That decade also saw the emergence of a recognition of Kant as an epistemologist, rather than merely a critic of metaphysics and religion. However, at this time the young Solov"ëv portrayed Kant as an important, though transitional, figure in the development of Western philosophy, leading eventually to its exhaustion.