Historically speaking, there is uncertainty if and when posthumanism started or when we became posthuman.¹ Conceptually, however, it is quite inevitable that with the "invention of the human" the posthuman as one of his or her "others' also becomes thinkable, representable, possible, necessary etc. As soon as some form of humanitas begins to characterize the species as a whole, non-human (un-, in-, pre- or posthuman) others start proliferating and the process of inclusion, exclusion and differentiation is set in motion.²