The objective of this chapter is to provide a basic conceptual map of the vision of the Enlightenment concerning law and jurisprudence, especially in the tradition of civil law. Its subject is therefore confined to private or civil law in the broad sense of the 18th century, which covers the vast field of the legal relationships between citizens and of the latter with the state (civil and criminal law), together with that of the procedures for settling disputes between them (procedural law).