This chapter first gives a respectful bow to the folk psychological concept of soul; then tells the story of philosophy and psychology from Aristotle to Franz Brentano as a continued attempt to place the psychological in the natural world and—after Galileo—within the bounds of physics. Beginning with the Athenian Golden Age, the history is laid out as a cascade of Enlightenment events, driven by growth in commercial wealth and class aspirations. The major fault line in this history is the Aristotle–Galileo rupture, and it is argued that for psychology to be whole, general psychology must bridge this fissure, giving Aristotle and Galileo each their rightful due.