Modern tools and methods of cognitive science, such as brain imaging or computational modeling, can provide new insights for age-old philosophical questions regarding the nature of temporal experience. This chapter aims to provide an overview of functional consciousness and time perception in brains and minds (Sect. 8.2), and to describe a computational cognitive architecture partially implementing these phenomena (Sects. 8.3, 8.4 and 8.5), and its comparison with data from human behavioral experiments (Sect. 8.6).