Considering a large number of developing countries in the world are Muslim (except for a few that are part of the G-20 such as Turkey, Indonesia, and Saudi Arabia), there is a growing need for education in the Muslim world. But for a religion that begins with the command of "Read," why is it the case that Muslim populations around the world are falling behind and remaining illiterate? How does it affect the workplace, production, innovation, research, and development in the Muslim countries? What are the forces that contributed to this current state in the Muslim world? How does Islam itself play a role in this process? This chapter will critically address these questions to discuss the Islamic perspectives on learning in general and work-based learning in particular. Implications of these perspectives to learning and performance paradigm of human resource development will also be included in respective of a globally competitive and technologically advanced world of business.