In this chapter Neurath's controversial contributions to the socialist calculation debate are confronted with the criticism of two well-known opponents, Ludwig von Mises and Max Weber. Each side's arguments are considered at a certain level of abstraction so as to allow what are lasting points of significance in Neurath's proposals to shine through more clearly. It is argued that while these points are closely interwoven in their presentation with his schemes for marketless socialism, they are conceptually independent of them. Suitably so, they have proven influential in just this independent capacity.