Theoria — a Swedish journal for philosophy (and Psychology until 1965) was founded in 1935, at a time when the conditions for the logical empiricists on the European continent were deteriorating as a result of the rise of fascism and Nazism. In a letter, dated August 11 1936, to the editor-in-chief of Theoria, Åke Petzäll, the Finnish philosopher Eino Kaila claimed that it was only a matter of time until the journal ">Erkenntnis would be closed down and suggested that Theoria could step in as a replacement.